USC Keck School of Medicine · Class of 2028

Sean L.S.
Lee

李洛生 M.D. candidate · Ophthalmology

Medical student pursuing ophthalmology, spending a dedicated research year at the USC Roski Eye Institute. I study real-world ophthalmic outcomes with TriNetX, work on spaceflight ophthalmology and retinal research, and build tools for clinical teams.

Sean Lee

Recent

  • Nov 2026Launched Ophtho Case of the Day in beta, a daily ophthalmology diagnosis game in six clues. Play
  • Nov 2026Launched Second Look, monthly critical appraisals of ophthalmology papers. First up: DRCR Protocol S. reads.seanleels.com ↗
  • Oct 2026Launched Eye Atlas, an interactive anatomy-to-pathology ophthalmology study tool. Try it ↗
  • Sep 2026Poster on FLOT vs CROSS neoadjuvant therapy at the American Foregut Society Annual Meeting, National Harbor, MD.
  • Sep 2026Published a lung ultrasound meta-analysis in Cureus.
  • Sep 2026Began a dedicated research year at the USC Roski Eye Institute.
  • Aug 2026Published a multicenter study of ascites phenotypes in cirrhosis in Liver Transplantation.

About

I'm a medical student at USC Keck School of Medicine applying into ophthalmology. My current work at the USC Roski Eye Institute includes independent TriNetX cohort studies, ultra-widefield retinal imaging and vessel segmentation, gene therapy wet-lab research, and ophthalmic training for long-duration spaceflight.

Why ophthalmology. I'm drawn to the unending skill ceiling of microsurgery, and to a field that sits at the intersection of medicine and surgery, where I can operate and also care for patients over many years.

Earlier research spans general surgery, pulmonary and critical care, transplant hepatology, and emergency medicine, including multicenter studies of cirrhosis and liver transplant outcomes.

I also build clinical tools: Eye Atlas, an anatomy-to-pathology ophthalmology study tool; Before You Page Ophtho, a pre-consult checklist for overnight teams; Rounds, a mobile app for clinical rotations; and references for antibiotic selection and clinical scoring.

Before medical school I spent two years in oncology wet-lab research at the USC Mann School of Pharmacy, and a year as a patient liaison at Garfield Medical Center providing medical interpretation in Cantonese, Mandarin, and English.

School
Keck School of Medicine of USCM.D. expected May 2028
Clerkships
Honors in Family MedicineHigh Pass in Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Neurology, Psychiatry
Research year
USC Roski Eye InstituteSep 2026 – present
Output
3 peer-reviewed publications8 manuscripts in preparation or under review
Undergraduate
University of Southern CaliforniaB.S. Human Biology, Healthcare Studies minor · 2019–2022
Languages
English, Cantonese, Mandarin, SpanishMedical interpretation in Cantonese; clinical history and exam in Mandarin and Spanish

Projects

Ophthalmology projects

Ophthalmology · OKAP prep
Eye Atlas

Interactive anatomy-to-pathology study tool covering all 9 layers of the eye. Drag the depth rail from adnexa to optic nerve and click any structure to see its conditions, schematic drawings, and management. Built to OKAP depth.

Ophthalmology · Clinical aid
Before You Page Ophtho

Structured pre-call checklist for medicine and surgery teams working up eye complaints overnight. Enter the chief complaint, complete the guided exam, and know exactly what to report before you pick up the phone.

Ophthalmology · Paper appraisals
Second Look

Monthly critical appraisals of ophthalmology papers: what each study found, how far to trust it (certainty and risk of bias), the one number that matters, and what it would change in clinic.

Ophthalmology · Daily diagnosis game · Beta
Ophtho Case of the Day

A daily case in six clues, written like an exam note: name the diagnosis with as few as you can, then read one teaching pearl. Covers 29 cases across retina, cornea, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology and trauma, with a practice mode for extra cases.

Clinical tools

Rounds On the App Store

iOS app built in React Native to reduce cognitive load on rotations: H&P and SOAP templates, task tracking, lab organization with auto-fill, timers, and signout checklists. Stores no patient data.

Antibiotic Stewardship Tool

Empiric antibiotic reference for 29 infections across 9 body systems, with penicillin-allergy and MRSA adjustments and regimens by setting (outpatient, floor, ICU), based on IDSA and ASHP guidelines.

Internal Medicine Scoring Calculator

Calculators for 17 internal medicine scores (HEART, CURB-65, MELD-Na, Wells PE/DVT, SOFA, APACHE II and others) with interpretation as you answer.

Clinical Documentation Assistant

Web tool that turns speech dictation and keyword recognition into structured clinical notes across encounter types. Stores no patient data.

Publications

Peer-reviewed

2026
Machine learning-derived clinical phenotypes of ascites in cirrhosis: a multi-center latent class analysis with external validation
Cullaro G, Lai JC, Liu T, Gomez ME, Simonetto DA, Lee S, Lee BP, Allegretti AS, Mazumder NR, Patidar KR, Verna EC.
Liver Transplantation · 2026;32(11):1465–1478
2026
Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meremikwu K, Lee S, Tang B, Wilson ML, Killu K.
Cureus · 2026;18(9):e115858
2026
Achieving physiologic distensibility targets frequently requires modification of standard cruroplasty during anti-reflux surgery
Munoz XC, Elshafei M, Pouwels S, Lee S, Eini JI, Lee C, Kerendian E, Ichiuji B, Akhnoukh S, Cironi K, Mihalsky KP, Kuiper JJ, Putnam LR, Wong HJ, Galvin KM, Abel SA, Samakar K, Shiraga S, Lipham JC, Houghton CC.
Surgical Endoscopy · 2026
doi:10.1007/s00464-026-13365-5 ↗

In preparation and under review

Submitted
Implementation of a standardized protocol for EndoFLIP utilization alters intraoperative hiatal closure: a proof-of-concept study
Elshafei M, Pouwels S, Putnam L, Munoz X, Eini JI, Lee S, Lipham JC, Houghton C.
In preparation
Changes in ophthalmic care and 3-year outcomes among patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a national TriNetX cohort study
Lee S, Ameri H, et al.
In preparation
Ophthalmic procedural training for exploration-class spaceflight: an evidence-informed framework for crew medical officers
Lee S, et al., Suh A.
In preparation
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis risk in long-duration spaceflight: convergence of microbial exposure and immune vulnerability
Lee S, Suh A, et al.
In preparation
The ocular–behavioral health axis in spaceflight: interconnections of two red risks on the mission to Mars
Suh A, Lee S, Szeto J, Kumar D, Ong J, Berdahl J, Lee AG.
In preparation
Ocular disease burden and diagnostic and treatment patterns in street-based health clinics in the United States
Banashefski B, Achilles D, Lee S, Lin M, Feldman C.
In preparation
A cystatin C–augmented MELD score for 90-day waitlist mortality: development and validation in a multicenter US liver transplant consortium
Multicenter author group including Lee S.
In preparation
Comparative pathologic outcomes of FLOT vs CROSS neoadjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal cancer: a single-institution retrospective series
Lee S, Cironi K, Galvin K, Lipham JC, et al.

Presentations

2026
Comparative pathologic outcomes of FLOT vs CROSS neoadjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal cancer: a single-institution retrospective series
Lee S, Lipham JC, et al.
American Foregut Society Annual Meeting · September 24–26, 2026 · National Harbor, MD

Research

Ophthalmology
USC Roski
Research Assistant
Dr. Hossein Ameri · USC Keck
  • PDR outcomes (TriNetX). Independently designed cohorts and analyses of 3-year outcomes and changes in ophthalmic care in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
  • Sleep apnea and vitrectomy (TriNetX). Propensity-matched study of obstructive sleep apnea and respiratory complications after pars plana vitrectomy.
  • Retinal imaging. Ultra-widefield (Optos) imaging of inherited retinal diseases and AI-based vessel segmentation in retinitis pigmentosa.
  • Rodent models. CRISPR-mediated knockout, anti-VEGF studies, subretinal and intravitreal injections.
May 2026 – Present
Ophthalmology
Spaceflight
Research Assistant
Dr. Alexander Suh · USC Keck
  • Crew medical officer training. First author of a proposed ophthalmic procedural training framework for exploration-class missions.
  • Narrative reviews. Post-traumatic endophthalmitis risk and the ocular–behavioral health axis in long-duration spaceflight.
May 2026 – Present
Ophthalmology
Gene therapy
Research Collaborator
Dr. Longwei Liu · USC
  • PRPH2 sonogenetics. Wet-lab work on ultrasound-controlled gene expression targeting PRPH2 (peripherin-2), including ARPE-19 cell culture.
Oct 2026 – Present
General surgery
GLS / MIS
Research Assistant
Dr. John Lipham, Dr. Luke Putnam · USC Keck
  • FLOT vs CROSS. First author of a 28-patient retrospective series comparing pathologic response after neoadjuvant therapy; poster at the American Foregut Society 2026 meeting.
  • EndoFLIP and hiatal closure. Data collection and results writing (Surgical Endoscopy 2026; second manuscript submitted).
  • Gastric conduit oxygenation. Prospective NIRS study of anastomotic outcomes after esophagectomy.
  • PRP in hiatal hernia repair. Retrospective chart review of intraoperative platelet-rich plasma.
Jan 2026 – Present
Earlier researchPulmonary & critical care · Transplant hepatology · Emergency medicine · OncologyShow
Pulmonary &
critical care
Project Lead & Research Assistant
Dr. Keith Killu · USC Keck
  • CT escalation in pneumonia (lead). Designed a retrospective study of predictors of CT after initial chest radiography, through IRB preparation.
  • Lung ultrasound meta-analysis. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment (Cureus 2026).
Nov 2025 – May 2026
Transplant
hepatology
Research Assistant
Dr. Brian Lee, Dr. Giuseppe Cullaro · USC Keck
  • Cystatin C–augmented MELD. Longitudinal chart review of 150+ liver transplant patients for a model of 90-day waitlist mortality.
  • Ascites phenotypes. Multicenter data extraction (Liver Transplantation 2026).
Sep 2024 – May 2026
Emergency
medicine
Research Assistant
Dr. Alexander Sapin · USC Keck
  • Prolonged length of stay. Quality improvement project building an automated ED flag; collected and analyzed admission diagnosis codes to define criteria.
Apr 2026 – Present
Oncology
research
Research Assistant
Dr. Yong (Tiger) Zhang · USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy
  • Smart-exosome drug delivery. Antibody candidate screening, protein and DNA purification, cell culture, and antibody-drug conjugate preparation.
Jun 2020 – Jun 2022

Clinical experience

Ophthalmology
USC Roski
Clinical Elective
USC Keck School of Medicine
  • Ophthalmology clinic. Supervised visual acuity, slit-lamp, and fundoscopic exams; evaluated outpatients and presented to attending ophthalmologists.
Aug 2026

Leadership & service

Student Affairs Representative
Aug 2023 – Aug 2025
USC Keck Office of Student Affairs

Served as primary liaison between the student body and administration, advocating for housing equity, facility improvements, and mental health resource access.

Vice President
Aug 2023 – Mar 2025
Gastroenterology Student Interest Group · USC Keck

Coordinated faculty and clinical speakers for a lunch talk series. Led outreach connecting students with research-active faculty across subspecialties.

Patient Liaison & Project Manager
May 2022 – May 2023
AHMC Garfield Medical Center

Provided real-time medical interpretation in Cantonese, Mandarin, and English. Analyzed HCAHPS, Leapfrog, and ED throughput metrics across a 9-hospital system.

President & Events Director
Aug 2020 – Aug 2023
USC Photography Club

Led an executive team of 15 organizing events for 2,000+ members, including multi-day retreats and workshops.

Academic Mentor
Sep 2022 – Present
Independent mentor · Alhambra, CA

Longitudinal mentorship for grades 6–10 in science, mathematics, and evidence-based study strategies, emphasizing stepwise problem-solving and self-directed learning.

Emergency Medicine Shadowing & Volunteer
Jul 2020 – Dec 2022
Alhambra Hospital · Alhambra, CA

Observed clinical decision-making in high-acuity emergency care and assisted nursing staff with patient care, vitals, and unit operations.

Tutor Volunteer
Jul 2020 – Jun 2022
Connect Tech Network · San Francisco, CA

Taught digital literacy (Zoom, Google tools) in Cantonese to elderly clients during COVID-19 to improve access to remote services.

Dmanisi, 2019

Field Researcher
Dmanisi Archaeological Field School · Dmanisi, Georgia · Jun – Aug 2019
  • Participated in active excavation at Dmanisi, one of the most significant Homo erectus fossil sites outside Africa, gaining hands-on exposure to paleoanthropological methods and human evolutionary history.
  • Attended lectures on hominin morphology, species differentiation, and the significance of early human migration.
  • Saw firsthand the burden of undertreated disease in rural Georgia, including cases of polio and other conditions rarely encountered in the U.S., which deepened my commitment to preventive medicine and global health equity.
"I went to excavate the origins of our species. I came back wanting to take care of them."
Dmanisi, Georgia · 2019

Skills & interests

Certifications & awards

Quality Improvement Certificate
USC Keck School of Medicine · QI methodology, process improvement, and patient safety
2026
Certificate of Merit Piano, Level 10
Music Teachers' Association of California · Highest level of the statewide classical piano assessment
2018

Technical and research skills

TriNetXRetrospective cohort designPropensity score matchingKaplan–Meier analysisHazard & risk ratiosSystematic review & meta-analysisOptos ultra-widefield imagingRetinal vessel segmentationCell cultureReact NativeWeb development

Interests

PianoWeightliftingCyclingRunningPhotographyBuilding tools

Contact

Whether you're a fellow researcher, clinician, or student, feel free to reach out. I'm open to discussing research, collaborations, or just connecting.

Send an email
Email[email protected] LinkedInSean Lee ScholarGoogle Scholar ORCID0009-0009-9669-0627 Instagram@sone_zc